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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the chemical constituents from the leaves of Jatropha curcas and evaluate their inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia cells.@*METHODS@#The n-BuOH extract of the leaves of J. curcas was isolated by macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, ODS, column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by MS, NMR, ECD, and other spectroscopic methods. In addition, anti-neuroinflammatory effects of isolated compounds were evaluated by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) in over-activated BV-2 cells.@*RESULTS@#Seventeen compounds, including (7R,8S)-crataegifin A-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( 1), (8R,8'R)-arctigenin ( 2), arctigenin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( 3), (-)-syringaresinol ( 4), syringaresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( 5), (-)-pinoresinol ( 6), pinoresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( 7), buddlenol D ( 8), (2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin ( 9), (2S,3S)-epicatechin ( 10), (2R,3S)-catechin ( 11), isovitexin ( 12), naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( 13), chamaejasmin ( 14), neochamaejasmin B ( 15), isoneochamaejasmin A ( 16), and tomentin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( 17) were isolated and identified. Compounds 2, 4 and 8 significantly inhibited the release of NO in BV-2 microglia activated by LPS, with IC50 values of 18.34, 29.33 and 26.30 μmol/L, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Compound 1 is a novel compound, and compounds 2, 3, 8, 14- 17 are isolated from Jatropha genus for the first time. In addition, the lignans significantly inhibited NO release and the inhibitory activity was decreased after glycosylation.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of edaravone on long-term cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.Methods:A total of 160 patients, aged≥65 yr, undergoing elective hip replacement, were divided into 2 groups ( n=80 each) using the random sequence generated by the McLeod-modified Wichmann-Hill pseudo-random number generator: edaravone group (group E) and control group (group C). Spinal-epidural anesthesia was applied in two groups.Edaravone 60 mg (in 100 ml of normal saline, infusion rate 200 ml/h) was intravenously infused from the time point immediately after achieving the anesthesia plane until the following 30 min.Serum chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before anesthesia, during surgery (30 min after skin incision), and at postoperative days 1, 3 and 7.The Confusion Assessment Method Scale in Chinese was used to detect the postoperative delirium at postoperative days 1, 2, 3 and 7, and the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified and ADL score were adopted to assess the cognitive function and quality of daily living, respectively, and the occurrence of cognitive impairment was recorded at 1 and 12 months after surgery. Results:Compared with group C, the total Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified score and ADL score were significantly increased, the incidence of postoperative delirium and cognitive impairment was decreased, and the serum CXCL13 and IL-6 concentrations were decreased during surgery and at each time point after surgery in group E ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Edaravone can reduce inflammatory responses and improve long-term cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between perioperative peripheral blood Type 17 helper (Th17) cells and Th17-related cytokines and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia.Methods Ninety-six patients of both sexes,aged 65-86 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or m,scheduled for elective hip replacement under general anesthesia,were selected.At 3 days before operation and 1,2,3 and 7 days after operation,Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate the cognitive function,and fasting venous blood samples were taken for determination of the percentage of Th17 cells and serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-22 concentrations.The patients were divided into POCD group and non-POCD group according to whether the patients developed POCD at day 7 after operation or not.Pearson linear correlation of the percentage of Th17 cells and serum IL-17 and IL-22 concentrations with MoCA scores was analyzed.Results Twenty-six patients developed POCD (27.1％).The percentage of peripheral blood Th17 cells and serum IL-17 and IL-22 concentrations were significantly higher at each time point after operation than before operation in POCD group and at 1 and 2 days after operation than before operation in non-POCD group (P＜0.05).The percentage of peripheral blood Th17 cells and serum IL-17 and IL-22 concentrations were significantly higher at each time point after operation in POCD group than in non-POCD group (P＜0.05).The percentage of peripheral blood Thl7 cells was negatively correlated with MoCA scores (r =-0.867,P＜0.01) and serum IL-17 and IL-22 concentrations were negatively correlated with MoCA scores (r=-0.662 and-0.638,P＜0.01) in group POCD.Conclusion The development of POCD is related to the increase in the percentage of peripheral blood Th17 cells and concentrations of Th17-related cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia.
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Objective To evaluate the correlation between the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and adiponectin (ADP) and postoperative delirium (POD) in perioperative serum of elderly patients undergoing lobectomy. Methods Seventy-three elderly patients undergoing lobectomy under general anesthesia, 38 males and 35 females, aged 65-80 years, BMI ＜ 24 kg/m2, falling into ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, were selected in some suitable period. All patients were divided into POD group and non-POD group according to the Chinese Version of Consciousness Assessment Scale at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after operation, and their blood samples were collected 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia (T0), at the time of tracheal extubation (T1) and at postoperative 24 hours (T2), 48 hours (T3), and 72 hours (T4) to determine the concentrations of MMP-9 and ADP in their serums. Results POD occurred in 19 patients, with the incidence rate of 17.8％. The concentrations of MMP-9 at T1-T4 were significantly higher than those before lobectomy in serums in POD group, while the concentrations of ADP in serums were significantly lower than those before lobectomy (P ＜ 0.05). The concentrations of MMP-9 in serums at T1 were significantly higher than those before lobectomy in non-POD group, while the concentrations of ADP in serums were significantly lower than those before lobectomy (P ＜ 0.05). In the comparison between the two groups, the concentrations of MMP-9 in POD group at T1-T4 were significantly higher than those in non-POD group, while the concentrations of ADP in POD group were significantly lower than those in non-POD group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The serum level of MMP-9 is increased and ADP is decreased in perioperative, wich maybe involved in the pathophysiological process of POD in elderly patients undergoing lobectomy.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing pulmonary lobecto-my. Methods A total of 120 elderly patients of both sexes, aged 65-81 yr, of American Society of Anes-thesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with New York Heart Association Ⅰor Ⅱ, were divided into 3 groups (n＝40 each) using a random number table method: anesthesia group (group GA), epidural block combined with general anesthesia group (group EG), and paravertebral block combined with general anes-thesia group (group PG). In group PG, paravertebral block was performed under ultrasound guidance, 0. 25% ropivacaine 20 ml was injected after the paravertebral catheter was placed, and anesthesia was in-duced after confirming the plane of block. In group EG, epidural block was performed with 2% lidocaine 3 ml after epidural puncture was successfully performed at L6,7interspace, epidural 0. 375% ropivacaine 8-15 ml was intermittently injected, and anesthesia was induced after confirming the height of block. Anes- thesia was induced with IV midazolam 0. 05-0. 10 mg∕kg, etomidate 0. 3 mg∕kg, sufentanil 0. 4 μg∕kg and rocuronium 0. 6 mg∕kg. The patients were tracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated. The develop-ment of POCD was recorded at 1 day before operation and 7 days after operation. Blood samples were col-lected from the internal jugular vein before anesthesia, at 15 min after skin incision and at 7 days after oper-ation for determination of serum adiponectin ( ADP) and S-100β protein concentrations. Results Com-pared with group GA, the incidence of POCD was significantly decreased, and the serum S-100β protein concentrations were decreased and serum ADP concentrations were increased at 15 min after skin incision and 7 days after operation in PG and EG groups ( P＜0. 05). Compared with group EG, the incidence of POCD was significantly decreased, and the serum S-100β protein concentrations were increased and serum ADP concentrations were decreased at 15 min after skin incision and 7 days after operation in group PG (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia induces better efficacy in decreasing the occurrence of POCD than general anesthesia alone or combination of epidural block and general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy, which is related to the decreased concentrations of blood ADP in elderly patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of different depths of sedation on serum adiponectin (ADP) concentrations in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia.Methods A total of 120 elderly patients of both sexes,aged 65-83 yr,weighing 45-75 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,undergoing elective noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia,were divided into Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups (n =60 each) using a random number table.Propofol was given by closed-loop target-controlled infusion,and bispectral index value was maintained at 40-50 in group Ⅰ and at 50-60 in group Ⅱ.The cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment at 1 day before operation ant 1 and 7 days after operation.Blood samples were collected from the internal jugular vein immediately before surgery,at 2 h after the beginning of surgery and at 1 and 7 days after surgery for determination of serum ADP and S-100β protein concentrations.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores were significantly increased at 1 and 7 days after surgery,the serum concentrations of ADP were increased and S-100β protein concentrations in serum were decreased at 1 and 7 days after surgery,and the intraoperative requirement for ephedrine and atropine and incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction were decreased during surgery in group Ⅱ (P＜0.05).Conclusion Maintaining BIS value at 50-60 can reduce the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction,which is related to the increased concentration of serum ADP in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of remote limb ischemic postconditioning on the level of adiponectin during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Fifty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 250-350 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =19 each):sham operation group (group S); group I/R; remote limb ischemic postconditioning group (group RLIP).Myocardial ischemia was induced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 180 min reperfusion in urethane-anesthetized rats.In group S,the anterior descending branch was only exposed but not ligated.The animals underwent 10 min ischemia of bilateral hind limbs starting from 20 min of occlusion of the anterior descending branch,followed by reperfusion in RLIP group.The changes in S-T segment were recorded at 30,60,120 and 180 min of reperfusion.At 180 min of reperfusion,the blood samples were taken from the jugular vein for determination of serum levels of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnⅠ).The animals were then sacrificed and hearts were removed for measurement of myocardial infarct size (IS) and adiponectin contents in myocardial tissues (by ELISA).Results Compared with group S,S-T segment was significantly elevated at each time point,myocardial IS,and serum cTnⅠ and CK-MB levels were increased,and adiponectin contents were decreased in I/R and RLIP groups.Compared with group I/R,elevation of S-T segment was significantly decreased at each time point,myocardial IS,and serum cTnⅠ and CK-MB levels were decreased,and adiponectin contents were increased in RLIP group.Conclusion The mechanism by which remote limb ischemic postconditioning reduces myocardial I/R injury is related to increased level of adiponectin in the myocardium of rats.
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Objective Observe the clinical effect of the controllable airbag elastic chest strap after the breast cancer operation,studying the clinical value of the controllable airbag elastic chest strap.Methods Between May.2009 and Oct.2012,71 women having surgery for breast cancer at The Affiliated Second Hospital of Nan Hua University Oncology Center.They were to receive either a common thoracic girdle compressed binding(n =35),or the controllable airbag elastic chest strap compressed binding (n =36) at the postoperation.The following complications were evaluated:the incidence of seroma formation and duration,the incidence of skin flap swelling,and the dressing time.Results Thirty-five patients with common thoracic girdle is 14 cases of subcutaneous effusion,fluid rate was 40.0％,the effusion duration 7 to 31 days,an average of 17.6 ±7.3 days,15 cases with skin redness (disc),swelling rate is 42.9％,the average treatment time 18.7 ±3.5 minutes; With the controllable airbag elastic chest strap group of six cases of subcutaneous effusion,fluid rate was 16.7％,the duration of effusion 5-14days,an average of 10.5 ± 3.9 days,skin redness (disc),swelling rate is 13.9％,the average treatment time 12.2 ± 2.4 minutes.Conclusions The controllable airbag elastic chest strap can reduce subcutaneous effusion,reduce skin flapswelling,saving the treatment time,is worth promoting in the clinical medical supplies.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of Euphorbia pekinensis roots. METHODS Column and liquid chromatography were used for the isolation of chemical constituents, and their chemical structures were determined using a spectroscopic method.</p><p><b>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</b>Four compounds were isolated and identified as ziyu glycoside I (1), 3β-α-L-arabinopyranosyloxyurs-12,19(29)-dien-28-oic acid 28-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), lithospermic acid B (3), and senarguine B (4), which were obtained for the first time from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis.</p>
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Benzofurans , Chemistry , Depsides , Chemistry , Euphorbia , Chemistry , Glycosides , Chemistry , Plant Roots , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Dimocarpus longan seeds in Sapindaceae.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated from the ethanol extract of D.longan seeds by silica gel column chromatography.Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and chemical properties and spectral analysis.Results One compound was isolated and identified as 2-methyl-1,10-undecanediol,named longandiol(1).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound.
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Objective To research etomidate or propofol in the whole intubation during the induction of elderly coronary heart disease autonomic nervous system function. Methods Ninety patients undergoing abdominal surgery patients with coronary heart disease were randomly divided into etomidate group (E group, 45 cases) and propofol group (P group, 45 cases). In pre-anesthesia, after the induction of anesthesia and after intubatiou with power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRPSA) observed in patients with heart rate variability (HRV) changes. Results After the induction of anesthesia, the low frequency(LF)[(316±301) ms2/Hz] end total power(TP)[(756±535) ms2/Hz] decreased significantly in E group(P<0.05) and LF, high frequency (HF), LF/HF ratio(LF/HF)and TP decreased significantly in P group [ (187±168) ms2/Hz, (89±48)ms2/Hz, 2.3±1.6 and (616±462) ms2/Hz] (P<0.05). The duction degree of LF, HF, TP and LF/HF in E group was more significant than that in P group (P<0.05). After intubation, LF, HF, LF/HF and TP increased significantly in both groups and no significant difference of HRV was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Propofol decreases the activity of autonomic nervous system, wherea etomidate produces minimal changes under anesthesia induction in elderly coronary heart disease patients.There is no remarkable difference in cardiovasological changes induced by etomidate and propofol during tracheal intubation.
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Objective To evaluate the protective effect on the pulmonary micmvascolar permeability and thereby to ameliorate the lungs injury attributed to cardiopuimonary bypass(CPB).Method Twenty-four adult hybrid health dogs were randomly divided into three groups(8 in each group):group C(normal saline given after CPB),group N1(NAC given intravenously just before CPB)and group N2(NAC given just after CPB).The changes of respiratory index(RI)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in lung tissue were observed.Samples were taken three times,before CPB(T0),30 min after CPB surned off(T1)and 60 min after CPB sumed off(T2).The leucocyte count and slbumin content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BAlF),the pulmonary micmvascular permeability index(PMPI),and the histological changes of lung under light microscope and electromicroscope in 3 groups were examined.Results No significant differences were found in the levels of Ri and MDA content of lung tissue between groups before CPB.However,they gradually reduced after CPB(P<0.05)in the three groups,but they still were significantly lower in group N1 and group N2 compared with those in group C at,T1 and T2(P<0.05)and those in group N1 were significantly lowere than those in group N2 at T1 and T2(P<0.05).MDA gradually increased after CPB in three groups(P<0.05),but it was still significantly lower in group N1 and group N2 than that in group C at T1 and T2(P<0.05).The leucocyte count and albumin content in BALF were significantly lower in group N1 and group N2 in comparison with those in group C(P<0.05)and they were significantly lower in group N1 compared with those in group N2(P<0.05).The PMPI were significantly lower in group N1 and sroup N2 compared with those in group C(P<0.05)and they were significantly lower in group N1 compared with those in group N2(P<0.05).By using electromicroscope,the apparent inflammatory change of lung with endothelium cellular swelling,inter-endothelial cells spaces widened,and the indistinctness,deformation or decurtation of microfilarnent were observed.And the dissolution of laminated body,swollen mitochondria and plasmolysis were found in alveolar epithelial cell Ⅱ in group C.However,these changes were markedly alleviated in group N2 and group N1.Conclusions The results clearly demonstrate that NAC could protectie effect on the CPB injured lung and reduce the pulmonary microvascalar permeability,and the protetive effect is better in group N1 than that in group N2.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the postoperative analgesic effects and side effects of buprenorphine versus ketamine for patients with patient-controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA).METHODS:60 patients withⅠ～Ⅱ grade in physical status evaluated by American society of anesthesiologists(ASA)scheduled for lower abdomen surgery by lumbar anesthesia combined epidural anesthesia were divided into three groups by a randomized double blind method to be treated with Buprenorphine + Droperidol(Group A),Buprenorphine + Droperidol + Bupivacaine(Group B),or Ketamine + Droperidol+ Bupivacaine(Group C).The visual analogous scale(VAS),Ramsay scale,frequency to press the analgesia pump was recorded at 0～48 h after operation,the time spent for the recovery of intestinal functions;score for nausea vomiting and other adverse drug reactions were observed.RESULTS:Frequency to press the analgesia pump,VAS score and Ramsay score in Group A in different period of time were all significantly different from those in Group B and Group C(P
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Six compouuds were isolated for the fitst time from Spiraca mongolica Maxim. (Rosaceae by means of chemical and spectral analyslsand comparison with data of literature or authentie samples, 5 of them were identified as ?-sitosterol(Ⅰ), betulin(Ⅱ), betulinic acid (Ⅲ),betuliuic acid 3, 5-dihydroxyl-cinuamate(Ⅳ) and daucosterol(Ⅵ).
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During the course of the investigation of the antifungal metabolites against Peronophythora litchii from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp SC120, an antibiotics that exhibited the cytotoxicity to CNE 2 was isolated By spectral (UV, IR, HRMS, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, 1H 1H COSY, HMQC and HMBC) analyses, its structure was identified as pimprinine The cytotoxicity of pimprinine to CNE 2 was reported for the first time